An internet of things-based touchless parking system using ESP32-CAM

<span>As technology continues to advance, governments around the world have implemented health protocols minimize direct contact between individuals and objects, in response ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. To address this need, a touchless parking portal was designed using microcontroller-based internet of things (IoT) -based system, with Arduino UNO microcontroller device serving as core component. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 passive infrared (PIR) detect vehicles they arrive at area, addition requiring ESP32-CAM camera, servo motor, light-emitting diode (LED), I2C 16x2 liquid crystal display (LCD), push button, universal serial bus (USB) transistor-transistor logic (TTL) converter, power supply, bar. builder software developed integrated development environment (IDE), Android, Blynk. authors conducted thorough testing analysis concluding that its overall performance reaches 100%. Nevertheless, despite extensive experimentation conducted, there remains possibility certain factors could still affect results. Therefore, caution is advised when interpreting outcomes experiment.</span>